Which of the following is a typical error that occurs when reasoning from specific instances?

The typical error that occurs when reasoning from specific instances is hasty generalization. This fallacy occurs when someone makes a broad conclusion based on an insufficient or unrepresentative sample of data. For instance, if an individual observes a couple of instances where a specific type of fruit is bland and then generalizes that all fruits from that type are unappealing, they are making a hasty generalization.

This type of reasoning fails to consider the full scope of evidence and can lead to inaccurate conclusions. It emphasizes the importance of gathering sufficient and representative examples before drawing conclusions or making claims. In public speaking and argumentation, being cautious about the tendency to leap to conclusions based on limited observations helps maintain credibility and supports more sound reasoning.